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difference between the actual amount soexpended by Japan and the actual amount similarly disbursed byRussia. Yet in actualpractice, commodities were often assessed in terms of silk or rice. Ieyasu fully recognized thismanoeuvre, but bowed to it as the less of two evils. But we forbid them tobring any foreign priests into the country, under the penalty of theconfiscation of their ships and goods.

She did, indeed, furnish a clear proof ofdeference to the open-door doctrine, for instead of reserving therailway zones to her own exclusive ent; and Yoshimitsu, the third ofthe Ashikaga shoguns, showed equal respect towards Gido, Zekkai andJorin, whose advice he constantly sought. He studied the literature of both the Tang and theSung dynasties, and he laboured to apply the precepts of Chinesephilosophy to the practical needs of his own country. He had a thorough knowledge ofChinese and Japanese classics; he was himself a poetaster of no meanability; he read canonical books